Figure 1.

A possible COPD treatment algorithm based on pharmacogenetics. The chart shows a hypothetical system of using pharmacogenetics in COPD. After receiving a diagnosis of COPD, patients would undergo further tests to identify specific clinical features known to be influenced by genetics. Genotyping for the important polymorphisms would then be carried out to identify pathophysiologically important pathways, and therapy would be directed at those most active in the individual. Specific monitoring of response using target protein levels or clinical phenotype would then be carried out. This treatment algorithm might be used alongside established treatments, such as bronchodilators, or be used to aid rational use of expensive treatments.