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In the past decade, scientific discovery in medicine has progressed at an increasingly rapid rate, and genomic, post-genomic and bioinformatic approaches have played key roles in this progression. Our growing understanding of the human genome and proteome promises to revolutionize the practice of medicine in the 21^st century. The last year has seen the publication of an acute myeloid leukemia genome [1], the initiation of the 1000 Genomes Project [2] and the International Human Microbiome Consortium, and the progression of a number of other important collaborations, such as the Copy Number Variation Project [3] and the Cancer Genome Atlas [4]. Furthermore, a plethora of genome-wide association studies have been undertaken, associating specific loci to a variety of diseases. These discoveries, as well as continuing advances in genome sequencing technologies, bring us several steps closer to individualized medicine, a concept that has captured the imaginations of practitioners of medicine, politicians, and the public alike.